[Dialogue] Evangelized foreign policy?

[Harry Wainwright]

                 <http://www.csmonitor.com/index.html> The Christian Science
Monitor - csmonitor.com   

 

from the March 02, 2006 edition -
http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0302/p01s01-usfp.html 

Evangelized foreign policy?

By Howard LaFranchi | Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor 

WASHINGTON - When President Bush recently used a public forum to announce
his support for a more robust international intervention in Sudan's Darfur
region - catching even some of his senior aides off guard - it was yet
another milestone for the rising interest of Christian evangelicals in US
foreign policy.

In just a few years, conservative Christian churches and organizations have
broadened their political activism from a near-exclusive domestic focus to
an emphasis on foreign issues.

As Mr. Bush gave his attention to Darfur, one of the world's most
high-profile humanitarian crises, he was almost certainly cheered not just
by a coterie of evangelical advisers, but also the sizable Christian right
constituency. But his focus on a forlorn region of Africa suggests deeper
shifts in the forces influencing US foreign policy.

Even as many in Washington trumpet the return of realism to US foreign
policy and the decline of the neoconservative hawks, the staying power of
the evangelicals is likely to blunt what might otherwise have been a steep
decline in Wilsonian ideals.

Indeed, the aftermath of Iraq has some historians predicting a bout of
American isolationism similar to what occurred after Vietnam. But other
analysts say that with so many conservative Christians now convinced of
activism in foreign affairs, old patterns of periodic introspection have
been broken.

"Without a determined constituency pressuring for engagement in
international affairs, it would be likely that - given the difficulties in
Iraq - you would have had the administration hunkering down a bit, and the
American people with them," says Allen Hertzke, an expert and noted author
on religion in US foreign policy at the University of Oklahoma in Norman.
"But instead, you have these substantial forces pushing on human rights
causes and demanding intervention."

Some note that because the evangelicals' foreign-policy interests are
motivated by religious convictions and not a temporary cause, the movement
has deeper roots. "These people are not flavor-of-the-month types," says
Mark Palmer, a former diplomat focused on democratization and now vice
chairman of Freedom House in Washington. "The fact they are so involved now
will be a factor in us not becoming isolationist."

A recent survey by the Pew Research Center, which periodically gauges public
views on America's place in the world, finds an upswing in the percentage of
Americans who agree that the "US should mind its own business
internationally." But the trend would be even stronger without the
evangelical conversion to global involvement, some experts believe.

Ambassador Palmer says some White House political strategists contend that
the Christian right makes up at least one-third of the electorate. "Whether
that's true or not, the number is large," he says.

Behind the most recent evidence of evangelical influence in US foreign
policy - the renewed calls for stronger intervention in Darfur - stands
Michael Gerson, who is a Bush policy adviser and speechwriter (and who
helped coin the "axis of evil" phrase). The former journalist, who is also a
member of an evangelical Episcopal church in suburban Virginia, is seen as
one of the driving forces behind Bush's emphasis on a global spread of what
the president sees as God-given rights.

So far Bush's call for a considerably larger foreign peacekeeping presence
in Darfur - under the United Nations and with beefed-up involvement by NATO
- has not been answered by the international community. The effort endured a
setback this week when the month-long American presidency of the UN Security
Council expired Tuesday without Council action.

The government of Sudan is lobbying against a UN force on its soil, arguing
it would constitute a recolonization of the country, according to UN
officials.

But Darfur is hardly the first foreign rallying cause for evangelical
Christians. In fact, their awakening to foreign-policy issues began well
before the Bush White House, analysts note.

"One place it started was during the efforts to open up the former Soviet
Union" in the 1980s, says John O'Sullivan, a foreign-policy analyst and
editor at large of National Review. "They looked at the success of the
Jewish community in helping the Soviet Jews and said, 'We have done nothing
to help our co-religionists in Africa and Korea and other parts.' "

>From there came a string of diplomatic initiatives bearing the stamp of
evangelical influence - and largely engineered through the halls of
Congress, notes Mr. Hertzke. Congress passed the International Religious
Freedom Act in 1998, which makes freedom of religion and conscience a "core
objective" of US foreign policy. It also established an office and an annual
international religious-freedom report that grades countries on rights.

Subsequent initiatives include legislation in 2000 that targets human
trafficking and sex trafficking; the Sudan Peace Act of 2002, which among
other things established a certification process for periodic review of
Sudan's peace efforts; and the North Korea Human Rights Act of 2004. The
influence of evangelical Christians is also seen in the Bush
administration's focus on AIDS in Africa, as well as in attacks on
international family-planning activities, experts say.

But it was the North Korea initiative that first prompted foreign-policy
analysts to take notice. Michael Horowitz, a prominent protagonist of the
involvement of conservative faith-based organizations in foreign policy,
called the North Korea act a "miracle" wrought by evangelicals. But some
experts pointed to the large number of Korean-American Christians and their
activist pastors as a larger factor in the act's passage.

The faith-based community's influence appeared to deepen when Bush last year
named Jay Lefkowitz, a former White House aide and Horowitz associate, to
the post of "special envoy for North Korea human rights," as called for in
the act. That appointment prompted worried blog entries on the "Christian
conservative agenda" for US foreign policy.

Still, some experts express skepticism about the evangelicals' impact,
arguing that their key triumphs - such as the Sudan and North Korea
legislation - have done little to change the course of what are drawn-out
conflicts.

Others say a swing back to domestic issues in recent months may be pulling
the Christian right away from foreign-policy concerns. "The culture wars of
the last year, the uproar over gay marriage and so forth, have diverted some
attention from the international focus," says Hertzke.

The staying power of evangelical influence will also depend on the ability
to expand their influence by creating coalitions, according to others. "They
won't have continued success unless they make the right alliances," says Mr.
O'Sullivan of National Review.

Yet with his new book, "Freeing God's Children: The Unlikely Alliance for
Global Human Rights," Hertzke argues that such a broadening is already
taking place. It's happening, he says, through links between the Jewish
community and Christian organizations, as well as on college campuses and in
traditional religious and secular human rights organizations - which have
long been interested in such foreign causes.

Hertzke adds that the impact of the "unlikely" movement, still being gauged
in terms of Darfur, has already "altered the trajectory of history" in
southern Sudan, where the government and rebel groups signed a peace accord
in January 2005.

"A 20-year civil war actually ended in large part due to the activism of
evangelicals and their alliance with others, including Jewish groups," he
says. "It's an unheralded story, but it's also a historical fact."

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