[Dialogue] Chemical Pollution 'Harms Children's Brains'

[Harry Wainwright]

Published on Wednesday, November 8, 2006 by the Independent
<http://www.independent.co.uk>  / UK 

Chemical Pollution 'Harms Children's Brains' 

by Jeremy Laurance

 

Chemical pollution may have harmed the brains of millions of children around
the world in what scientists are calling a "silent pandemic". 

The world is bathed in a soup of industrial chemicals which are damaging the
intellectual potential of the next generation and may increase the incidence
of conditions such as Parkinson's disease, they say. 

One in every six children has a developmental disability, such as autism,
attention deficit disorder or cerebral palsy, the effects of which may be
life-long. 

The role of low-level pollutants, such as lead and mercury, on the growing
brain has been recognised for decades and measures taken to reduce exposure
to a minimum. But scientists from the Harvard School of Public Health, in
Boston, say at least 202 chemicals are known to have the capacity to damage
the brain and their effects at low levels of exposure are unknown. They say
limits for exposure to chemicals should be set for pregnant women and young
children, recognising the unique sensitivity of the developing brain, which
is much more susceptible to the toxic effects of chemicals. 

Philippe Grandjean, visiting professor at Harvard and lead author of the
review, published in the online Lancet, said: "The human brain is a precious
and vulnerable organ. Even limited damage may have serious consequences. It
probably is going to be difficult [to set exposure limits] but this is a
classical case where there really is a lot at stake. We are talking about
the brain development of future generations. There will be an enormous cost
of not regulating exposure." 

Critics accused the scientists of scaremongering and said their claim of a
silent pandemic was a "gross overstatement". 

The 202 chemicals listed by the authors have been shown to cause serious
accidents when ingested, or have been used in suicide attempts. They include
chemicals used in household products, such as aluminium in saucepans and
soft-drink cans, and acetone in nail-polish remover. The main exposure to
the pollutants is through contamination of the environment during
manufacture, when the chemicals seep into ground water, are carried in air
or contaminate food. 

Commenting on the review, Professor Nigel Brown, dean of medicine at St
George's School of Medicine, University of London, said: "This is a
campaigning article. In their enthusiasm, the authors verge on
scaremongering. 

"[Their claim] of a silent pandemic is a gross overstatement. It is possible
that there is a problem, we should be aware of this and we should study it
but there is currently not a shred of evidence of a pandemic." 

What chemical pollution can do 

Acrylamide 

Used in adhesives, printing ink and agricultural sprays. Can cause
drowsiness and hallucinations. 

Cyclohexane 

Used to make nylon, paint and resin removers, and fungicides. Can cause
headaches and convulsions. 

Acetone 

Used in nail-polish remover and to make plastics, fibres and drugs.
Breathing it over long periods can cause light-headedness and confusion. 

Methanol 

Used as a petrol additive and in spray paints. Can cause an effect similar
to drunkenness followed by severe stomach, leg and back pain. 

Trichloroethylene 

Used in dry cleaning. Breathing it for long periods may cause dizziness,
poor co-ordination and difficulty concentrating. 

Aniline 

Used to make pesticides, dyes and rubber. Breathing in small amounts over
several years may cause cancer. 

Styrene 

Used in making plastics. Breathing small amounts over long periods causes
alterations in vision, hearing loss and slower reaction times. 

C 2006 Independent News and Media Limited

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